鏂囩珷鐩綍

• 1. 鑳屾櫙浠嬬粛
• 2. 鍘熺悊
• 3. 浣跨敤鍦烘櫙
• 4. 浠ｇ爜鏍蜂緥
• 5. 瀹為檯搴旂敤妗堜緥
• 6. 鎬荤粨

1. 鑳屾櫙浠嬬粛

鍦ㄨ蒋浠跺紑鍙戜腑锛屾垜浠粡甯镐細閬囧埌闇€瑕侀泦鎴愪笉鍚屾帴鍙ｆ垨绯荤粺鐨勬儏鍐点€傞€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忔彁渚涗簡涓€绉嶄紭闆呯殑鏂瑰紡鏉ヨВ鍐虫帴鍙ｄ笉鍏煎鐨勯棶棰橈紝浣垮緱鍘熸湰涓嶅吋瀹圭殑鎺ュ彛鑳藉鍗忓悓宸ヤ綔銆傛湰鏂囧皢娣卞叆鎺㈣Python涓殑閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忥紝鍖呮嫭鍏惰儗鏅€佸師鐞嗐€佷娇鐢ㄥ満鏅€佷唬鐮佸疄鐜板拰瀹為檯搴旂敤妗堜緥銆?/p>

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忔槸涓€绉嶇粨鏋勫瀷璁捐妯″紡锛屽畠鍏佽灏嗕笉鍏煎鐨勬帴鍙ｈ浆鎹负涓€涓彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄧ殑鍏煎鎺ュ彛銆傝繖绉嶆ā寮忓湪绯荤粺闆嗘垚銆佹彃浠跺紑鍙戝拰绗笁鏂瑰簱闆嗘垚绛夊満鏅腑闈炲父鏈夌敤銆?

2. 鍘熺悊

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑鏍稿績鍘熺悊鍖呮嫭锛?/p>

• 瀹氫箟鐩爣鎺ュ彛锛氬畾涔変竴涓洰鏍囨帴鍙ｏ紝杩欐槸鎴戜滑甯屾湜涓庣幇鏈夌郴缁熸垨绫诲崗鍚屽伐浣滅殑鎺ュ彛銆?/li>
• 鍒涘缓閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被锛氬垱寤轰竴涓€傞厤鍣ㄧ被锛屽畠瀹炵幇浜嗙洰鏍囨帴鍙ｏ紝骞跺唴閮ㄦ寔鏈変竴涓笉鍏煎鎺ュ彛鐨勫疄渚嬨€?/li>
• 瀹炵幇鎺ュ彛鍏煎锛氶€傞厤鍣ㄧ被閫氳繃璋冪敤涓嶅吋瀹规帴鍙ｇ殑瀹炰緥鏂规硶锛屽苟灏嗗叾杞崲涓虹洰鏍囨帴鍙ｆ墍闇€鐨勫舰寮忥紝浠庤€屽疄鐜版帴鍙ｇ殑鍏煎銆?/li>

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忔槸涓€绉嶅湪杞欢宸ョ▼涓父鐢ㄧ殑璁捐妯″紡锛屽畠涓昏鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｅ喅涓や釜涓嶅吋瀹规帴鍙ｄ箣闂寸殑闆嗘垚闂銆傞€氳繃寮曞叆涓€涓腑闂村眰鈥斺€旈€傞厤鍣紝浣垮緱鍘熸湰涓嶅吋瀹圭殑鎺ュ彛鑳藉鏃犵紳鍗忓悓宸ヤ綔銆備笅闈㈣缁嗘帰璁ㄩ€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑鏍稿績鍘熺悊锛?/p>

• 瀹氫箟鐩爣鎺ュ彛锛?鐩爣鎺ュ彛鏄€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忎腑鐨勫叧閿蹇碉紝瀹冨畾涔変簡涓庣幇鏈夌郴缁熸垨绫诲崗鍚屽伐浣滄墍闇€鐨勬搷浣滃拰鎺ュ彛褰㈠紡銆傝繖涓帴鍙ｅ厖褰撲簡绯荤粺鏈熸湜鐨勫鎴风鎺ュ彛锛屽畠瑙勫畾浜嗗鎴风鏈熸湜浣跨敤鐨勬柟娉曞拰灞炴€с€傜洰鏍囨帴鍙ｇ殑寮曞叆浣垮緱绯荤粺璁捐鏇村姞鐏垫椿锛屽洜涓虹郴缁熷彧闇€瑕佸叧娉ㄧ洰鏍囨帴鍙ｇ殑瀹炵幇锛岃€屼笉闇€瑕佸叧蹇冨叿浣撶殑瀹炵幇缁嗚妭銆?/p>

  class TargetInterface:
      def request(self):
          pass
  

  鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑锛?code>TargetInterface瀹氫箟浜嗗鎴风鏈熸湜浣跨敤鐨?code>request鏂规硶銆?/p>

• 鍒涘缓閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被锛?閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被鏄€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑鏍稿績锛屽畠瀹炵幇浜嗙洰鏍囨帴鍙ｏ紝骞跺湪鍐呴儴鎸佹湁涓€涓笉鍏煎鎺ュ彛鐨勫疄渚嬨€傞€傞厤鍣ㄧ被鍏呭綋浜嗘ˉ姊佺殑瑙掕壊锛屽皢涓嶅吋瀹规帴鍙ｇ殑瀹炵幇缁嗚妭灏佽璧锋潵锛屽苟閫氳繃鐩爣鎺ュ彛鏆撮湶缁欏閮ㄤ娇鐢ㄣ€傝繖鏍凤紝瀹㈡埛绔彧闇€瑕佷笌閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被浜や簰锛岃€屼笉闇€瑕佸叧蹇冧笉鍏煎鎺ュ彛鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜般€?/p>

  class IncompatibleClass:
      def specific_method(self):
          print("Incompatible Method Called")
  
  class AdapterClass(TargetInterface):
      def __init__(self, incompatible_obj):
          self._incompatible_obj = incompatible_obj
  
      def request(self):
          # 璋冪敤涓嶅吋瀹瑰璞＄殑鏂规硶锛屽苟杞寲涓哄吋瀹圭殑杈撳嚭
          self._incompatible_obj.specific_method()
  

  鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑锛?code>AdapterClass瀹炵幇浜?code>TargetInterface锛屽苟鍦ㄥ唴閮ㄦ寔鏈変竴涓?code>IncompatibleClass鐨勫疄渚嬨€傚畠閫氳繃璋冪敤IncompatibleClass鐨勬柟娉曟潵瀹炵幇request鏂规硶銆?/p>

• 瀹炵幇鎺ュ彛鍏煎锛?閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被閫氳繃璋冪敤涓嶅吋瀹规帴鍙ｇ殑瀹炰緥鏂规硶锛屽苟灏嗗叾杞崲涓虹洰鏍囨帴鍙ｆ墍闇€鐨勫舰寮忥紝浠庤€屽疄鐜版帴鍙ｇ殑鍏煎銆傝繖涓繃绋嬮€氬父娑夊強鍒版柟娉曡皟鐢ㄧ殑杞崲銆佹暟鎹牸寮忕殑杞崲鎴栬€呮搷浣滄祦绋嬬殑璋冩暣銆傞€傞厤鍣ㄧ被鐨勮璁′娇寰楄繖绉嶈浆鎹㈠浜庡鎴风鏄€忔槑鐨勶紝瀹㈡埛绔彧闇€瑕佹寜鐓х洰鏍囨帴鍙ｇ殑绾﹀畾鏉ヤ娇鐢ㄩ€傞厤鍣ㄧ被銆?/p>

  # 瀹㈡埛绔唬鐮?/span>
  adapter = AdapterClass(IncompatibleClass())
  adapter.request()  # 瀹㈡埛绔€氳繃閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被璋冪敤涓嶅吋瀹圭殑鏂规硶
  

  鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑锛屽鎴风閫氳繃AdapterClass鐨勫疄渚嬭皟鐢?code>request鏂规硶锛岃€岃繖涓柟娉曞唴閮ㄥ疄闄呬笂鏄皟鐢ㄤ簡IncompatibleClass鐨?code>specific_method鏂规硶銆傚鎴风涓嶉渶瑕佺煡閬?code>IncompatibleClass鐨勫瓨鍦紝涔熶笉闇€瑕佸叧蹇?code>specific_method鏂规硶鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜般€?/p>

閫氳繃杩欎笁涓牳蹇冨師鐞嗭紝閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忔彁渚涗簡涓€绉嶇伒娲荤殑鏂瑰紡鏉ヨВ鍐虫帴鍙ｄ笉鍏煎鐨勯棶棰橈紝浣垮緱涓嶅悓绯荤粺鎴栫粍浠惰兘澶熷崗鍚屽伐浣溿€傝繖绉嶆ā寮忓湪瀹為檯搴旂敤涓潪甯稿箍娉涳紝鐗瑰埆鏄湪绯荤粺闆嗘垚銆佺涓夋柟搴撻泦鎴愪互鍙婃彃浠跺紑鍙戠瓑棰嗗煙銆?/p>

3. 浣跨敤鍦烘櫙

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忛€傜敤浜庝互涓嬪満鏅細

• 绯荤粺闆嗘垚锛氬綋闇€瑕侀泦鎴愮殑绯荤粺鎴栨ā鍧楁帴鍙ｄ笉鍏煎鏃躲€?/li>
• 绗笁鏂瑰簱闆嗘垚锛氬綋闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ涓夋柟搴擄紝浣嗗叾鎺ュ彛涓庣幇鏈夌郴缁熶笉鍏煎鏃躲€?/li>
• 淇濇寔鎺ュ彛涓€鑷存€?/strong>锛氬綋闇€瑕佷负澶氫釜绫绘彁渚涚粺涓€鐨勬帴鍙ｆ椂銆?/li>

# 瀹氫箟鐩爣鎺ュ彛
class Target:
    def request(self):
        pass

# 涓嶅吋瀹圭殑鎺ュ彛
class Adaptee:
    def specific_request(self):
        print("Specific Request")

# 閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被
class Adapter(Target):
    def __init__(self, adaptee):
        self.adaptee = adaptee

    def request(self):
        self.adaptee.specific_request()

# 瀹㈡埛绔唬鐮?/span>
def client_code(target: Target):
    target.request()

# 浣跨敤閫傞厤鍣?/span>
adaptee = Adaptee()
adapter = Adapter(adaptee)
client_code(adapter)

# 瀹氫箟鏀粯缃戝叧鎺ュ彛
class PaymentGateway:
    def pay(self, amount):
        pass

# 绗笁鏂规敮浠樼綉鍏?/span>
class ThirdPartyGateway:
    def process_payment(self, amount):
        print(f"Processing payment of {amount}")

# 閫傞厤鍣ㄧ被
class ThirdPartyGatewayAdapter(PaymentGateway):
    def __init__(self, gateway):
        self.gateway = gateway

    def pay(self, amount):
        self.gateway.process_payment(amount)

# 瀹㈡埛绔唬鐮?/span>
def process_payment(gateway: PaymentGateway, amount):
    gateway.pay(amount)

# 浣跨敤閫傞厤鍣?/span>
third_party_gateway = ThirdPartyGateway()
adapter = ThirdPartyGatewayAdapter(third_party_gateway)
process_payment(adapter, 100)